300 BC to 1 BC

300 - 200 BC

The Library of Alexandria is founded by Ptolemy I Soter ca. 300 BC. Colossus of Rhodes is erected ca. 292 BC. Pyrrhic War 282-272 BC. First Syrian War 260-253 BC. First Punic War 264-241 BC. Second Syrian War 260-253 BC. Maya Civilization in Yucatan ca. 250 BC. The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is founded by Diodotus I, satrap of Bactria in 250 BC. Third Syrian War 246-241 BC. Rome becomes the leading Mediterranean power after capturing Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and most of the Illyria in the western part of today's Balkan Peninsula between 237-227 BC. The Qin Dynasty becomes the Chinese ruling dynasty in 221 BC. Fourth Syrian War 219-217 BC. Beginning of the Second Punic War in 218 BC. Carthaginian military leader Hannibal crosses the Alps and invades Italy in 218 BC. Rome takes the initiative in the Second Punic War in 211/210 BC. The Roman general Scipio Africanus captures Hispania between 209-206 BC. The Great Wall of China is built between 220-206 BC. The Han Dynasty, the second Imperial Dynasty of China is founded by rebel leader Liu Bang in 206 BC. Establishment of the silk road under the Han Dynasty 206 BC-220 AD. Scipio Africanus decisively defeats Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in 202 BC. Fifth Syrian War 201-199 BC.

200 - 100 BC

Second Macedon War 200-197 BC. Roman consul Manius Acilius Glabrio defeats Seleucids under Antiochus III the Great in the Battle of Thermopylae in 191 BC. Hannibal commits suicide to avoid falling into Roman hands in 183 BC. Foundation of Aquileia in 181 BC. Third Macedonian War 171-168 BC. Maccabean revolt 167-163 BC. The height of Celtic culture ca. 150 BC. Beginning of the Third Punic War in 149 BC. Macedonia becomes a Roman province in 148 BC. Complete destruction of the city of Carthage by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans suppress the revolt of the Achaean League in 146 BC. Reform of Tiberius Gracchus 133 BC. Greek historian Polybius dies ca. 120 BC. Jugurthine War 111-105 BC. The Cibri and their allies the Teutons defeat the Roman army in 105 BC. Roman consul Gaius Marius defeats the Cimbri at Vercellae in Cisalpine Gaul in 101 BC.

100 - 50 BC

Collapse of the Celtic culture ca. 100 BC. The Scythians invade India about 100 BC. The Social War 91-88 BC. First Mithridatic War 88-85 BC. Sulla's First Civil War 88-87 BC. Sulla's Second Civil War 82-81 BC. Third Mithridatic War 74-66 BC. The War of the Spartacus or the Third Servile War 73-71 BC. Cicero is elected Roman Consul in 63 BC. First Catilinian Conspiracy 63 BC. First Triumvirate 60 BC. Alliance between Julius Caesar and Pompey 59 BC. Gallic Wars 58-51 BC. Roman general Mark Licinius Crassus is killed by the Parthians at Carrhae (today's Turkey) in 53 BC.

50 - 1 BC

Caesar's Civil War 49-45 BC. Assassination of Pompey in 48 BC. Assassination of Caesar on March 15, 44 BC. Mark Antony is defeated in the Battle of Mutina on April 21, 43 BC. Second Triumvirate is formed on November 11, 43 BC. Cicero is assassinated on December 7, 43 BC. Herod becomes the Roman governor of Judea in 37 BC. Mark Antony and Cleopatra are decisively defeated in the Battle of Actium on September 2, 31 BC. Cleopatra commits suicide on August 12, 30 BC. Octavian captures Alexandria and makes Ptolemaic Egypt a Roman province in 30 BC. The Principate in Roman Empire 27 BC - 284 AD. Roman poet Virgil dies on September 21, 19 BC. Roman general and defense minister to Octavian, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa dies in 12 BC. Roman poet Horace dies on November 27, 8 BC.